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World Health Day 2026: Global Themes, Ayushman Bharat Milestones, and Universal Health Goals

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World Health Day 2026: Global Themes, Ayushman Bharat Milestones, and Universal Health Goals

Table of Contents

Quick Takeaway for Aspirants: Observed annually on 7th April, World Health Day marks the founding of the World Health Organization in 1948. In 2026, global advocacy focused on primary health resilience and climate-health preparedness, while India highlighted landmark milestones under Ayushman Bharat—including the universalization of free secondary and tertiary care for all senior citizens aged 70 and above.

Origins & Global Healthcare Priorities

The First World Health Assembly held in 1948 resolved to celebrate 7th April as World Health Day starting in 1950. Each year, the observance draws international focus to a priority public health issue affecting human populations globally.

India's Flagship Healthcare Initiatives

Scheme / Component Key Coverage & Benefits Target Beneficiaries
Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization. Over 55 crore vulnerable individuals + All senior citizens aged 70+.
Ayushman Arogya Mandirs Comprehensive primary healthcare, diagnostics, and free essential medicines. Over 1.7 lakh operational centers across rural and semi-urban India.
Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) ABHA health accounts, digital health records, and telemedicine via e-Sanjeevani. Nationwide digital health ecosystem integration.
PM-ABHIM Critical care hospital blocks and integrated public health laboratories. District-level pandemic and critical care resilience.

30 High-Yield Practice MCQs with Hidden Answers & Explanations

Test your understanding of global public health organizations, Ayushman Bharat scheme features, disease eradication targets, and vital healthcare indicators with these 30 practice questions.

Q1. On which date is World Health Day observed globally every year to mark the founding of the WHO?
  • (A) 24th March
  • (B) 7th April
  • (C) 25th April
  • (D) 1st December
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) 7th April

World Health Day is observed annually on 7th April to commemorate the day the World Health Organization Constitution took effect in 1948.

Q2. In which year did the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) formally take effect?
  • (A) 1945
  • (B) 1948
  • (C) 1950
  • (D) 1952
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) 1948

The WHO Constitution was adopted in 1946 and came into official legal force on 7th April 1948, celebrated worldwide as World Health Day.

Q3. Where are the global headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO) situated?
  • (A) New York, USA
  • (B) Geneva, Switzerland
  • (C) Paris, France
  • (D) Rome, Italy
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Geneva, Switzerland

The WHO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, coordinating global public health responses across six regional divisions.

Q4. Under the Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY scheme, what is the defined annual health insurance coverage provided per eligible family?
  • (A) ₹2 lakh per year
  • (B) ₹3 lakh per year
  • (C) ₹5 lakh per year
  • (D) ₹10 lakh per year
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (C) ₹5 lakh per year

Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY provides health cover of ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization.

Q5. What historic expansion was introduced under Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY covering elderly citizens?
  • (A) Universal free healthcare coverage for all senior citizens aged 70 and above regardless of income
  • (B) Free medicines for citizens aged 60+ in metro cities only
  • (C) Mandatory private health insurance for all pensioners
  • (D) Fixed monthly pension of ₹5,000 for medical bills
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (A) Universal free healthcare coverage for all senior citizens aged 70 and above regardless of income

The Union Cabinet approved extending PM-JAY benefits to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, issuing distinct Ayushman Vaya Vandana cards.

Q6. What is the newly designated official name for Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs)?
  • (A) Arogya Seva Sadan
  • (B) Ayushman Arogya Mandir
  • (C) Jan Swasthya Kendra
  • (D) Gramin Arogya Dham
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Ayushman Arogya Mandir

The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare officially renamed HWCs as ‘Ayushman Arogya Mandir' carrying the Sanskrit tagline ‘Arogyam Paramam Dhanam'.

Q7. What is the unique digit length of the Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) ID created for digital health records?
  • (A) 10 digits
  • (B) 12 digits
  • (C) 14 digits
  • (D) 16 digits
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (C) 14 digits

The ABHA ID is a 14-digit unique identifier allowing citizens to link, access, and share their digital health records with doctors and diagnostic labs.

Q8. What is the name of the national digital telemedicine platform launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare?
  • (A) e-Arogya
  • (B) e-Sanjeevani
  • (C) Tele-Health India
  • (D) Swasthya Vani
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) e-Sanjeevani

e-Sanjeevani is India's national telemedicine service that facilitates doctor-to-doctor (eSanjeevaniAB-HWC) and patient-to-doctor (eSanjeevaniOPD) teleconsultations.

Q9. What is the target year set by India under the National Strategic Plan to eliminate Tuberculosis (TB)?
  • (A) 2025
  • (B) 2026
  • (C) 2030
  • (D) 2035
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (A) 2025

India set a target to end TB by 2025 under the ‘TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan', five years ahead of the global Sustainable Development Goal target of 2030.

Q10. Which national program was launched in December 2014 to ensure full immunization coverage for children and pregnant mothers across India?
  • (A) Mission Indradhanush
  • (B) Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram
  • (C) Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana
  • (D) Poshan Abhiyaan
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (A) Mission Indradhanush

Mission Indradhanush aims to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children and pregnant women against vaccine-preventable diseases.

Q11. In which year did the World Health Organization officially certify India and the South-East Asia Region as ‘Polio-Free'?
  • (A) 2010
  • (B) 2012
  • (C) 2014
  • (D) 2018
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (C) 2014

On 27th March 2014, the WHO certified India as polio-free following three consecutive years without any reported case of wild poliovirus transmission.

Q12. Where is the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the apex biomedical research body in India, headquartered?
  • (A) Kolkata
  • (B) New Delhi
  • (C) Pune
  • (D) Bengaluru
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) New Delhi

ICMR is headquartered in New Delhi and is one of the oldest and largest medical research councils in the world, founded originally in 1911 as IRFA.

Q13. Where is the National Institute of Virology (NIV), famous for developing indigenous vaccines and pathogen research, located?
  • (A) Hyderabad
  • (B) Pune, Maharashtra
  • (C) Lucknow
  • (D) Bhopal
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Pune, Maharashtra

The National Institute of Virology is located in Pune and functions under the administrative control of ICMR.

Q14. What is the statutory role of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)?
  • (A) Administering government medical colleges
  • (B) Regulating the manufacturing, storage, distribution, sale, and import of food to ensure wholesome human consumption
  • (C) Conducting pharmaceutical clinical trials
  • (D) Issuing patents for generic drugs
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Regulating the manufacturing, storage, distribution, sale, and import of food to ensure wholesome human consumption

Established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, FSSAI lays down science-based standards for food safety in India.

Q15. What is the primary target of the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)?
  • (A) Providing free emergency air ambulance service
  • (B) Providing quality generic medicines at affordable prices through dedicated retail outlets (Janaushadhi Kendras)
  • (C) Constructing superspecialty AIIMS hospitals in every state
  • (D) Subsidizing medical education abroad
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Providing quality generic medicines at affordable prices through dedicated retail outlets (Janaushadhi Kendras)

Janaushadhi Kendras offer quality generic drugs priced 50% to 90% cheaper than branded equivalents in the open market.

Q16. What is the theme of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 adopted by the United Nations?
  • (A) Zero Hunger
  • (B) Good Health and Well-being
  • (C) Clean Water and Sanitation
  • (D) Reduced Inequalities
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Good Health and Well-being

SDG 3 focuses on reducing maternal and child mortality, ending epidemics, achieving universal health coverage, and ensuring access to essential medicines.

Q17. What is the primary vector responsible for transmitting Dengue and Chikungunya viruses to humans?
  • (A) Anopheles mosquito
  • (B) Aedes aegypti mosquito
  • (C) Culex mosquito
  • (D) Tsetse fly
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Aedes aegypti mosquito

Aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito) is the primary daytime-biting vector for Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses.

Q18. Which international day is observed annually on 24th March to build public awareness about the global epidemic of Tuberculosis?
  • (A) World Cancer Day
  • (B) World Tuberculosis Day
  • (C) World AIDS Day
  • (D) World Malaria Day
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) World Tuberculosis Day

World TB Day is marked on 24th March commemorating Dr. Robert Koch's 1882 announcement of the discovery of the bacterium causing tuberculosis.

Q19. Which vaccine was the first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine developed in India by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with ICMR-NIV?
  • (A) Covishield
  • (B) Covaxin
  • (C) Corbevax
  • (D) ZyCoV-D
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Covaxin

Covaxin (BBV152) was developed as an inactivated whole-virion vaccine by Bharat Biotech in partnership with the Indian Council of Medical Research.

Q20. What is the primary objective of the Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM)?
  • (A) Upgrading primary health centers to commercial clinics
  • (B) Building critical care hospital blocks and establishing integrated district public health laboratories to respond to pandemic outbreaks
  • (C) Promoting private hospital construction through foreign loans
  • (D) Subsidizing commercial health insurance policies
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Building critical care hospital blocks and establishing integrated district public health laboratories to respond to pandemic outbreaks

PM-ABHIM is India's largest pan-India health infrastructure scheme to fill critical gaps in public health surveillance and intensive care.

Q21. Which national institute based in Bengaluru is recognized as an Institute of National Importance for mental health and neuroscience?
  • (A) AIIMS
  • (B) NIMHANS
  • (C) PGIMER
  • (D) JIPMER
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) NIMHANS

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS) in Bengaluru is the premier apex centre for mental health, neuroscience, and psychiatric research in India.

Q22. What is ‘Tele-MANAS', launched by the Government of India on World Mental Health Day in October 2022?
  • (A) A telemedicine platform for orthopedic surgeries
  • (B) A 24×7 free national tele-mental health helpline network providing psychological counseling
  • (C) A mandatory diagnostic test for civil servants
  • (D) A mobile application for booking doctor appointments
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) A 24×7 free national tele-mental health helpline network providing psychological counseling

Tele-MANAS (Tele Mental Health Assistance and Networking Across States) offers 24×7 toll-free counseling in multiple regional languages.

Q23. What does the ‘Out-of-Pocket Expenditure' (OOPE) in healthcare economics measure?
  • (A) Government budgetary grants to private hospital trusts
  • (B) The direct expenses paid by patients at the point of care that are not reimbursed by any insurance or welfare scheme
  • (C) Salaries paid to foreign medical consultants
  • (D) The cost of imported medical imaging equipment
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) The direct expenses paid by patients at the point of care that are not reimbursed by any insurance or welfare scheme

High OOPE pushes millions into poverty; expanding schemes like Ayushman Bharat has reduced OOPE as a percentage of total health expenditure in India.

Q24. Which international declaration signed in 1978 famously proclaimed ‘Health for All' by affirming primary healthcare as the cornerstone of public health?
  • (A) Geneva Declaration
  • (B) Alma-Ata Declaration
  • (C) Astana Declaration
  • (D) Helsinki Declaration
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Alma-Ata Declaration

The 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration in Kazakhstan affirmed health as a fundamental human right and identified primary health care as the key to attaining Health for All.

Q25. In which year was the ‘Astana Declaration' adopted by WHO member states, reaffirming the commitments of Alma-Ata for modern healthcare?
  • (A) 2010
  • (B) 2015
  • (C) 2018
  • (D) 2021
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (C) 2018

At the Global Conference on Primary Health Care in 2018, nations adopted the Declaration of Astana to recommit to universal primary health care in the 21st century.

Q26. Which organ of the human body is primarily affected by the disease Hepatitis B?
  • (A) Kidneys
  • (B) Lungs
  • (C) Liver
  • (D) Pancreas
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (C) Liver

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver, causing acute inflammation and long-term risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Q27. What is the primary target of the ‘Anemia Mukt Bharat' strategy under the POSHAN Abhiyaan?
  • (A) Reducing prevalence of anemia among children, adolescent girls, and pregnant women through prophylactic iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation
  • (B) Distributing clean drinking water filters in desert districts
  • (C) Providing free eye surgeries in district hospitals
  • (D) Eliminating chronic kidney diseases in industrial areas
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (A) Reducing prevalence of anemia among children, adolescent girls, and pregnant women through prophylactic iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation

Anemia Mukt Bharat uses the 6x6x6 strategy targeting six age groups through six institutional interventions and six institutional mechanisms.

Q28. What does the ‘Sample Registration System' (SRS) bulletin released by the Registrar General of India primarily track?
  • (A) Corporate tax compliance rates
  • (B) Demographic vital rates including Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), and Birth/Death rates
  • (C) Agricultural crop productivity per hectare
  • (D) Bank branch expansion statistics
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) Demographic vital rates including Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), and Birth/Death rates

The SRS provides reliable annual estimates of birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality across Indian states.

Q29. What is the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) target set under Sustainable Development Goal 3 by 2030?
  • (A) Less than 70 per 100,000 live births
  • (B) Less than 100 per 100,000 live births
  • (C) Less than 120 per 100,000 live births
  • (D) Less than 50 per 100,000 live births
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (A) Less than 70 per 100,000 live births

SDG Target 3.1 aims to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.

Q30. What is the primary mandate of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) headed by the DCGI in India?
  • (A) Manufacturing medical hospital beds
  • (B) National regulatory authority for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, and approving clinical trials across India
  • (C) Setting retail prices for organic foods
  • (D) Managing central blood donation drives
View Answer & Explanation
✓ Correct Answer: (B) National regulatory authority for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, and approving clinical trials across India

CDSCO is India's national regulatory body under the Ministry of Health, responsible for drug approvals, clinical trials, and setting safety standards.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who is eligible for the Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY senior citizens expansion?

All senior citizens aged 70 and above, regardless of income, socio-economic status, or caste, are eligible for a distinct top-up cover of up to ₹5 lakh per year for hospitalization.

What is the ABHA ID created under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission?

Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) is a unique 14-digit digital health identification number that enables citizens to store, manage, and share electronic health records securely across hospitals and diagnostic labs.